International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA‧ Voice Onset Time, VOT‧ and Simple Phonetics |音標‧記音‧拼音‧ 塞音声序

1) b, d, g = [b̥ , d̥ , g̊ ]. p, t, k = [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]. prevoiced: ḃ, ḋ, ġ = [b̬ , d̬ , ǧ ]. 2) Languages without prevoiced stops have 2 categories of VOT: English, German, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese and Hakka. 3) Languages with prevoiced stops have 3 categories of VOT: French, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai and Taiwanese Minnan. | 不含濁塞音的語言VOT二分: 英，德，韓，中，粵，客語。 含濁塞音的語言VOT三分: 法，荷，義，西，葡，希臘，俄，阿，印度，印尼，日，越，泰，台湾閩南語。

2023年2月8日 星期三

Turkish Alphabet and IPA Pronunciation

The New Turkish Alphabet 

Reform Proposal and IPA Pronunciation

June 30, 2026.   LAI Jhi Yang

The New Common Turkic Alphabet 

Reform Proposal and IPA Pronunciation

July 2, 2026.   LAI Jhi Yang

The New Common Turkic Alphabet  Reform Proposal and IPA Pronunciation July 2, 2026.   LAI Jhi Yang

A

a

Á

á

B

b

C

c

Ç

ç

D

d

a

a

á

æ

be

be

c

si

çe

ʧe

de

de

a

æ

b

k , s , ʧ

ʧ

d

E

e

F

f

G

g

Ğ

ğ

H

h

I

i

e

e

fe

fe

ge

ge

yumuşak ge (soft G)

jumuʃak ge

he

he

i

i

e

f

g  ,  ɟ

ɣ , -: , -j

h

i

Í

ı

J

j

J ́

ȷ ́

K

k

L

l

M

m

ı

ɨ (ɯ)

je

ʤe

ȷ́e

ʒe

ke

ke

le

le

me

me

ɯ (ɨ) ~ ɵ ~ ə

ʤ

ʒ

k  ,  c

l  ,  ɫ

m

N

n

Ñ

ñ

O

o

Ö

ö

P

p

Q

q

ne

ne

añ

aŋ

o

o

ö

ø/œ

pe

pe

q

kju

n

ŋ

o

ø , œ , ə̹/ɜ

p

k

k

R

r

S

s

Ş

ş

T

t

U

u

Ū

ū

re

ɹe/ʐe/re

se

se

şe

ʃe

te

te

u

u

ū

ʊ

ɹ/ʐ/r-, -ɾ- , -ɾ̥

s

ʃ

t

u

ʊ

Ü

ü

V

v

W

w

X

x

Y

y

Z

z

ü

y

ve

ve

wa/w

ˈwa/dʌbl̩.ju

ex/x

ex/eks

ye

je

ze

ze

y

v  ,  β

w  ,  v

x  ,  ks

j

z  ,  s

____________________________________________________________________

Turkish Alphabet and IPA Pronunciation

June 28, 2026.   LAI Jhi Yang

Turkish Alphabet and IPA Pronunciation June 28, 2026.   LAI Jhi Yang

A

a

B

b

C

c

Ç

ç

D

d

E

e

a

a

be

be

ce

ʤe

çe

ʧe

de

de

e

e

a

b

ʤ

ʧ

d

e

F

f

G

g

Ğ

ğ

H

h

I

ı

İ

i

fe

fe

ge

ge

yumuşak ge (soft G)

jumuʃak ge

he

he

ı

ɨ (ɯ)

i

i

f

g  ,  ɟ

ɣ , -: , -j

h

ɯ (ɨ) ~ ɵ ~ ə

i

J

j

K

k

L

l

M

m

N

n

O

o

je

ʒe

ke

ke

le

le

me

me

ne

ne

o

o

ʒ

k  ,  c

l  ,  ɫ

m

n

o

Ö

ö

P

p

R

r

S

s

Ş

ş

T

t

ö

ø/œ

pe

pe

re

ɹe/ʐe/re

se

se

şe

ʃe

te

te

ø , œ , ə̹/ɜ̹

p

ɹ/ʐ/r-, -ɾ- , -ɾ̥

s

ʃ

t

U

u

Ü

ü

V

v

Y

y

Z

z

Turkish Alphabet

u

u

ü

y

ve

ve

ye

je

ze

ze

name

IPA for name

u

y

v  ,  β

j

z  ,  s

IPA for usage

Q

q

W

w

X

x

Foreign  Alphabet

q

kju

w

ˈdʌbl̩.ju

x

eks

Preserved in proper nouns

English Name

k

k

v

v, w

ks

ks

Turkish Transcription

IPA

 

標籤： Alfabesi, alphabet, consonant, IPA, phonetic, phonetics, phonology, pronunciation, Turk, Turkic, Turkish, Turkiye, vowel

# 張貼者：賴志洋 音標-注音-拼音 : 17:24

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