International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA‧ Voice Onset Time, VOT‧ and Simple Phonetics |音標‧記音‧拼音‧ 塞音声序

1) b, d, g = [b̥ , d̥ , g̊ ]. p, t, k = [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]. prevoiced: ḃ, ḋ, ġ = [b̬ , d̬ , ǧ ]. 2) Languages without prevoiced stops have 2 categories of VOT: English, German, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese and Hakka. 3) Languages with prevoiced stops have 3 categories of VOT: French, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai and Taiwanese Minnan. | 不含濁塞音的語言VOT二分: 英，德，韓，中，粵，客語。含濁塞音的語言VOT三分: 法，荷，義，西，葡，希臘，俄，阿，印度，印尼，日，越，泰，台湾閩南語。

2012年9月16日星期日

Korean Pronunciation (IPA) and Romanization

Korean Pronunciation and Romanization

Korean Alphabet Chart / Table

Hangul / Hangeul Chart /Table

Hunminjeongeum Chart / Table

Original Korean Alphabet

Original Hangul / Hangeul

韓文40音韓語40音字母表

한글 40

Korean Alphabet (Table of Hangul 40)

韓文字母 (韓古尓 40)

한글 40 Korean Alphabet 韓文字母 40

Table of Hangul 40

Mar 18 2026. LAI Jhi Yang

자음 Consonants 子音(輔音)

모음 Vowels 母音(元音)

Hunminjeong'eum (Hunminjeongeum) Table

(訓民正音表, 훈민정음)

28 letters (28字)

훈민정음 28 (+6) 訓民正音

Hunminjeongeum: The Original Korean Alphabet

Tabulation: March 22, 2026 LAI Jhi Yang

Hangul was created by Sejong the Great (世宗大王).

October 9, 1446 : Hunminjeongeum publication date

October 9 : Hangul Day

훈민정음 28 (+6) 訓民正音

Korean Alphabet: Hunminjeongeum Table

Tabulation : March 15, 2026 LAI Jhi Yang

IPA for Korean Vowels

Korean Vowel Diagram

Korean Vowel Triangle

Korean Vowel Space

Korean Vowel Chart

Korean Vowel Map

IPA for Korean Vowels

Korean Consonants

Pronunciation of Korean Stops

: IPA and SPA

-- classified by 2 VOT categories and 2 Tones

韓語塞音發音 : 國際音標与簡明音標

-- 依 2 塞音声序及 2 声調分類

2012-09-16 LAI, Jhi-Yang 賴志洋

1. Mid-to-Low pitched Tenuis stops (plain, lax or lenis ):

低調單純塞音 (平音，鬆音，全清，韓字

造字本音，當代韓語多字詞的 非詞首 發音):

Hangul SPA IPA* IPA

ﾲￂ ba [bà] [b̥a ˨]

ﾧￂ da [dà] [d̥a ˨]

ﾡￂ ga [gà] [g̊a ˨]

2. Mid-to-Low pitched Aspirated stops (initial allophone: lax or lenis in phrase-initial position):

低調送氣塞音 (鬆音，詞首变音，次清，

當代韓語 單字詞 及多字詞詞首發音):

ﾲￂ b̀a = p̀a [pà] [pʰa ˨]

ﾧￂ d̀a = t̀a [tà] [tʰa ˨]

ﾡￂ g̀a = k̀a [kà] [kʰa ˨]

3. High pitched Aspirated stops:

高調送氣塞音 (激音，次清):

ﾽￂ pa [pa̋] [pʰa ˥]

ﾼￂ ta [ta̋] [tʰa ˥]

ﾻￂ ka [ka̋] [kʰa ˥]

4. High pitched Tenuis stops (tense or fortis):

高調單純塞音 (濃音，緊音，全清):

ﾳￂ b̎a [ba̋] [b̥a ˥]

ﾨￂ d̎a [da̋] [d̥a ˥]

ﾢￂ g̎a [ga̋] [g̊a ˥]

Korean Vowels

Korean Consonants and Vowels

Korean Numbers:

Pronunciation and Romanization

Voice Onset Time Notations in

Simple Phonetic Alphabet and

International Phonetic Alphabet

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