International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA‧ Voice Onset Time, VOT‧ and Simple Phonetics |音標‧記音‧拼音‧ 塞音声序: Mandarin Chinese Consonants Romanization: SPA and Natural Pinyin versus IPA and the Other 6 Pinyins 2008-04-20 Lai Jhi-Yang 賴志洋華語輔音音標-注音-拼音對照表

International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA‧ Voice Onset Time, VOT‧ and Simple Phonetics |音標‧記音‧拼音‧ 塞音声序

1) b, d, g = [b̥ , d̥ , g̊ ]. p, t, k = [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]. prevoiced: ḃ, ḋ, ġ = [b̬ , d̬ , ǧ ]. 2) Languages without prevoiced stops have 2 categories of VOT: English, German, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese and Hakka. 3) Languages with prevoiced stops have 3 categories of VOT: French, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai and Taiwanese Minnan. | 不含濁塞音的語言VOT二分: 英，德，韓，中，粵，客語。含濁塞音的語言VOT三分: 法，荷，義，西，葡，希臘，俄，阿，印度，印尼，日，越，泰，台湾閩南語。

2008年4月20日星期日

Mandarin Chinese Consonants Romanization: SPA and Natural Pinyin versus IPA and the Other 6 Pinyins 2008-04-20 Lai Jhi-Yang 賴志洋華語輔音音標-注音-拼音對照表

Mandarin Chinese Consonants Romanization: SPA and Natural Pinyin versus IPA and the Other Six Pinyins

華語簡明音標及自然拼音

與國際音標及其他六種拼音

輔音對照表
Lai Jhi-Yang 賴志洋 2008-04-20

1. 國際音標 ( International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA ), 1932.
2. 簡明音標 ( Simple Phonetic Alphabet, SPA ),2008.
3. 國語注音符號 ( Mandarin Phonetic Symbols, MPS; Jhuyin fuhau; Zhuyin fuhao; Jhuyin fuhao; Bopomo; Bopomofo ), 1918.
4. 自然拼音 ( Natural Pinyin ), 2008.
5. 通用拼音 ( Tongyong Pinyin ), 2002.
6. 漢語拼音 ( Hanyu Pinyin, Pinyin ), 1958.
7. 耶魯 (拼音, 譯音法) ( Yale Romanization of Mandarin ), 1940s.

8. 國語注音符號第二式 ( Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II, MPS2 ), 1986.
9. 國語羅馬字 ( Gwoyuu Romatzyh, GR ), 1928.

10. 韋氏 (威-翟式, 威妥瑪式) ( 拼音, 譯音法 ) ( Wade-Giles Romanization of Mandarin ), 1892.